Soil Food Web – SymSoil’s Perspective

The soil food web is the community of organisms living all or part of their lives in the soil. It describes a complex microbial biome, similar to the gut biome, but in the soil. The soil food web provides a way of thinking about how 7 types of life, interact with plants, minerals, organic matter and each other.

Unlike a food chain, which describes a linear, energy pathway through an ecosystem, a food web is a more complex transfer of energy between species in an ecosystem. Plants use the sun’s energy to convert inorganic compounds into energy-rich, organic compounds, turning carbon dioxide and minerals into plant material by photosynthesis. Plant roots exude acids, sugars, and ectoenzymes into the rhizosphere, feeding the soil microbe biome.

Use these links to go to blogs on each of the following seven types of life:
Bacteria & Archaea
Fungi
Amoebae
Flagellates
Beneficial Nematodes
Micro Arthropods

The soil food web was first described in the academic literature by Dr. Elaine Ingham, a microbiologist and soil biology researcher. She is still known as a leader in microbiology and is the founder of the Soil Foodweb Institute. Dr. Ingham is the former Chief Scientist at The Rodale Institute and the author of the USDA’s Soil Biology Primer.

Many have tried to present the complex soil ecosystem in ways that are more understandable to science enthusiasts.

One of the early attempts, Life in the Soil, tried to convey the relative size of the seven major types of life. Although none can be seen by the naked eye, they vary by orders of magnitude.

Nature.com presented the system as flow chart. Soil biota consist of the micro-organisms (bacteria, fungi, archaea and algae), soil animals (protozoa, nematodes, mites, springtails, spiders, insects, and earthworms) and plants living all or part of their lives in or on the soil or pedosphere. Millions of species of soil organisms exist but only a fraction of them have been cultured and identified. Microorganisms (fungi, archaea, bacteria, algae and cyanobacteria) are members of the soil biota but are not members of the soil fauna.

The soil fauna is the collection of all the microscopic and macroscopic animals in a given soil. Soil has a direct effect on the environmental conditions, habitat and nutrient sources available to the soil biota. The term pedosphere is often used interchangeably with soil and captures the concept that the soil is a habitat where the integration of spheres occurs.

Here is another graphical representation from Frontiers of Microbiology, Belowground Microbiota and the Health of Tree Crops by Jesús Mercado-Blanco, Isabel Abrantes, Anna Barra Caracciolo, Annamaria Bevivino, Aurelio Ciancio, Paola Grenni, Katarzyna Hrynkiewicz,6 László Kredics, and Diogo N. Proença. Published June 2018

Our first reaction was wow! Nice job by the researchers, followed by a chuckle. They recognized that this Spirograph image is a “simplified version of the soil food web” We are not convinced that any human mind will ever be able to comprehend all of the details of the soil microbe biome.

Nevertheless, we encourage you to follow your interest and dive into the details using the following links:

Bacteria & Archaea
Fungi
Amoebae
Flagellates
Beneficial Nematodes
Micro Arthropods

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About SymSoil® Inc.

SymSoil is an evidenced-based soil health company and leader in development of biological soil amendments for agriculture. The company provides products and servics that restore the microbes that provide the right food to plant roots, improving plant health, and making food more nutrient dense and flavorful, the way nature intended. SymSoil has products and services which assist growers in improving profitability. Its flagship product, SymSoil® RC (Robust Compost) is a complex community of soil microbes, which includes in excess of 1,000 species, covering broad biodiversity of bacteria, fungi, amoebae, and other protozoa, beneficial nematodes and microarthropods. SymSoil was named one of 2019’s AgTech Companies to Watch. Accredited Investors can learn more about SymSoil as an impact investment here.